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The first house for Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira prostitutes casa de las arrepentidas was founded in Valencia in The king also gave the foundation certain privileges and economic support.

They were also required to protect them from being kidnapped, an event that seems to have happened occasionally, judging by the warnings to prevent it, and from some criminal cases. Some might have been men or women who formerly owned private illegal brothels, and were able to continue with the now legal business.

It seems, though, that capital punishment was seldom carried out.

Legal and clandestine prostitution in medieval Spain - Document - Gale Academic OneFile

In the Cortes de Madrigal in they confirmed the yearly tributes for public and secret prostitutes Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira in However, complaints against abuses were frequent, as documented in Ciudad Real, Madrid and Jerez de la Frontera.

Brothel-keepers -padres or madres- as in Valencia, had the monopoly on all items used by the women under their control, be it food, clothing, ornaments or bedding. Prostitutes had to rent their beds from them, paying a daily fee, and they usually rented their clothing as well, as many did not even own the apparel they wore; they were also charged for food and drink by the brothel-keepers at whatever price was demanded.

Public prostitutes everywhere were often destitute, and in debt to their fathers or mothers so that they Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira in many instances unable to leave the brothel, even if they repented their life. Once the Reconquista was virtually ended and the monarchy had Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira free land left out to give his vassals as fiefdoms, the king and queen granted them the privilege of owning a bordello, or even the right to exploit all the brothels of a kingdom.

Under the main keeper there were other hostalers in charge of supervising a small number of prostitutes.

Although he was later condemned for heresy by the Inquisition, and his properties confiscated, the brothel was purchased by other city dwellers and it was kept in private hands untilwhen the city purchased Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira from its owners. In Galicia illegal prostitution seems to have been the rule.

Neither the continuous warnings against pimps and ruffians to leave town or be severely punished, nor the numerous calls for secret women to enter the brothels met with the expected results. In my opinion, there are several reasons for this failure. Royal proclamations, municipal ordinances and criminal prosecutions were to no avail.

The royal orders requiring prostitutes to wear distinctive signs, as well as sumptuary laws, were issued repeatedly in municipal ordinances, Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira met with failure. They point out to the collusion with their guardians, who probably pimped them in order to profit more from their earnings. The collusion between the padres and Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira chargers is not surprising.

A case in point is the city of Murcia, where the pressure exerted on mayors and judges to persecute the ruffians is evident but apparently insufficient. The following case is interesting because the accused was sentenced to lose part of his property. The court clerk read to knights, aldermen and city officials the accusation brought up against him for crimes committed in the previous five years. Therefore, the case demanded an exemplary punishment. Witnesses testified to the truth of the accusations, and declared that Montergull in the company of at least twenty armed men, some of them known criminals, one of them even sentenced to death, had forcefully assaulted and tried to assassinate a city bailiff; committed several armed robberies, and participated in group rape.

He was accused of entering the house of a married woman, and allowed eight of his men to rape her. Later, abusing his authority, he had freed his men who had been imprisoned for the rape. Several witnesses corroborated this and other rapes and kidnappings of honest married women. The city council Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira listening to all testimonies condemned him to loose some of his property and sentenced that all his houses in the quarter of Santa Eulalia be demolished.

This case lets us know Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira alliances between officials and rufianes reached the highest royal Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira in Murcia, making it extremely difficult to enforce the law. There is no information to the aftermath of this case, but there was often a great disregard for the law.

However, they continued living and thriving in the city, carrying arms, and having Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira work for them either in town or in the brothel. Testigos los suso dichos.

Public prostitutes everywhere were often destitute, and in debt to their fathers or mothers so that they were in many instances unable to leave the brothel, even if they repented their life.

Alcahuetas also often had the protection of nobles or city officers. There are Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira published cases of direct accusations against them, and much more work needs to be done. There is, however, an extraordinary case that took place in Barcelona that can serve as an example.

Among the witnesses were the children, their mothers and neighbors.

Legal and clandestine prostitution in medieval Spain

The trial against the alcahueta and the knight lasted several months. Na Tryalls was sentenced to death by hanging and the sentence was carried out, according to a marginal note in the sentence document.

Riera i Sans, concludes that if a sentence existed it would probably have been condemnatory, since the prosecutor insisted on his guilt on all charges.

He appears in a document dated in as legal councilor for Roger Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira Montcada, count of Urgell. Riera i Sans speculates that he was able to flee prison before a sentence was passed and took refuge with the Count at a time of great political turmoil. Bertomeva went to law to report the beating, and to accuse the perpetrators. Obviously, she felt quite safe from accusations of procuring, Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira on her connections.

The widow was obliged to seek the help of the powerful as well. The serious trouble ensued from the resulting confrontation of two powerful city bands defending the women, which ironically clouded the initial quarrel, soon forgotten in favour of the Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira feud between the two factions.

No laws could be successfully implemented if those in charge of prosecuting them were often the ones who gave protection to the lawbreakers. Thus, we have many documents that attest to the lively and not always discreet existence of clandestine prostitution.

The bounderies between those who make up the world of clandestine prostitution is a complex one. The line drawn between prostitutes, panderers, and clients is often unclear.

XII), but considered that prostitutes should not pay, arguing that 'la Eglesia Medina del Campo, Palencia, Lija, Carmona, Alcala de Guadaira, Sevilla. Thefirst town taken byCastejón's column wasAlcalá de Guadaira to the 17 July of Agustín Alcalá y Henke, one of the town'sprincipal oliveproducers.

Although the clients are possibly the most homogenous group, sometimes it is difficult to differentiate them from pimps, and pimps from consenting husbands, or other relatives and go-betweens from prostitutes, and prostitutes from adulteresses. The first problem we encounter when studying the women accused of being clandestine Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira is how to define prostitution. Certainly, all four elements mentioned Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira the Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira promiscuity, gain, common fame and deception, are not Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira to declare a women a prostitute.

From the criminal documentation available, we observe that notoriety was the single element always present. Thus, a woman with a bad reputation risked to be accused of being a prostitu, although often calling a woman whore puta was just an insult. Within this group he sees three main types: the lascivious woman liviana Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira woman of lewd conduct who solicits only sporadically; the whore- a step ahead, although not quite professional; and the established woman asentada - the professional prostitute with either a fixed or unlimited number of customers.

In his classification dedication is the key, neither gain nor promiscuity is important. The place they practiced sexual intercourse: whore with house puta con casaif she owned or rented a house; inn-whore puta de posada if she took the client to an inn; and, finally, shelter-whore puta de albergue de pobresif she had sexual intercourse at a hospital or a shelter for the poor and destitute.

Legal Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira considered corner-whores, streets-walkers or inn-whores as dangerous for the social order and mandated them to enter the brothel immediately. Many belonged to the group of the sick, and the old, and were often homeless beggars and drunkards. Their clients were men too poor to pay the affordable prices fixed by the city ordinances for the public brothel. The aldermen expected this to happen and they made statuary provisions to punish those disobeying the law with public lashings and even death at the gallows.

Ramera, muger Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira, and muger errada wayward woman were generic denominations for covert or secret prostitutes of a better standing. Among them abound widows and married women who engaged in sexual relationships with the approval of their husbands. The clients usually were merchants, artisans, students, the sons of the local worthies and the worthies themselves.

Well-to-do Jews and Muslims also used the services of these women who offered discreet encounters, since the law forbade them to lay with Christian women, and were forbidden to go to the public brothel. These mugeres libres, livianas or asentadas had someone who protected them and brought them clients. Many seem to have been married to consenting husbands who pimped for them. Among the documented criminal cases, I have chose three cases which in my opinion demonstrate the social tolerance of clandestine, the presence of men belonging to the middle and upper echelons of society, and the violence arising from it.

The first case, dated incame up to the attention of the authorities because a married women, Violant de Fox, identified as the legitimate wife of Loys Carnicer of Saragossa, was accused of having sexual relations with a Jewish man. Seven men and three women, several of them neighbors, were called in to testify by the magistrates to corroborate the allegations.

With the exception of one man, who declared he only know of Jeuda Gallur frequent visits to Violant, all the other witnesses incriminated her. They testified that they all knew of her sexual relationship with Gallur because it was common knowledge. One witness testified to having seen them in bed: hun dia que se fazian justas en el mercado vio la deposant star mirando en una finestra entramos la dita Violant et el dito jodio.

La dita Violant star encima del dito jodio e tener la dita Violant los bracos encima el jodio como abracados, e cantando entramos ad altas vozes publicamente. She also declared that she heard to many people say that Violant committed adultery with many men and that she once saw Violant and her sister hide the Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira under a bed because her husband had returned to the house. Theiy also claimed that there were more men whose names they had forgotten.

Finally, she accused Violant of offering to act as a go-between for Catalina herself. The authorities were not interested in her other clients, although once the trial started everything came to the fore. Her neighbors and friends as well as many others have known the Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira of her illegal activities all along but had silently tolerated them for many years.

Only when they were obliged to take the stand did they turn against Violant, declaring her to be a vile and infamous woman. The authorities called on witnesses to verify these accusations. All the witnesses attested to Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira theft, mostly as eyewitness, and also to her evil and dishonest life. They declared that she was married to one Johanet who was a page of the King of Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira. Among her clients they cited a knight, Mossen Lope Exarmador, a student, Johan Dimon, a spice merchant, the son of Catalan, and a couple of artisans.

One witness declared that an important city gent Don Johan de Gamboa had visited her in order to prevent the assassination of one of his hunters. The inquiry revealed that Sancha was a married woman, who had committed adultery with many men while living with her husband. After abandoning him she went to live first with her parents and later with her uncle Sebastian, the co-accused.

While living with her parents, both her father and mother had been knifed at different occasions by her suitors, who engaged in many nightly violent brawls. Some of her relationships revealed by the witnesses were long-lasting.

There were others, like Micer Anthoni Rubio, Gillen de Mediana, or Anthon Mateu who was a captain, who seem to have been more occasional visitors. All witnesses were asked to evaluate the moral character of the accused. In the case of Sebastian, however, they Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira more lenient. Most declared that they had heard about him being evil, but could not Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira it.

Unfortunately we do not know the outcome of these cases, since the penalty to which the accused might Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira bee sentenced was registered elsewhere. As we have seen these legal suits were initiated because of special circumstances: the first one came about because a Jewish man was involved.

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Only in the course of the two criminal processes their sexual activities Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira to the attention of the magistrates and were prosecuted, leaving us to surmise that had those crimes not been committed, they would have continued with their practices, even though they entailed also a considerable degree of violence that disturbed the peace and endangered innocent victims. Coloquio sobre la literatura del siglo XV.

Canet y J. Corfis y J. M: Bennett, et al. Chicago: University of Chicago Press:originally in Signs 1: 4 He mentions that some decretists treated concubinage as a type of marriage, and although undesirable, it was preferred to prostitution. Las siete partidas. Lopez Camacho, Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira.

Whores Alcala de Henares: These flats are safe and generally quite respectable, AlcAl A de Guadaira, a small town of Spain in Seville. but the general construction sags like a year old inner-city mall Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira, Andalusia whores.

Eiximenis, Eiximenis, Francesc. Valencia medieval Valencia: El Mercantil, Some years later prostitutes were fined with twenty sueldos for eating before going to Mass. He found out that prostitutes paid five sueldos a day, and he identified 15 brothel-keepers of which one had fifteen women, six had between nine and twelve, one had five, and six had between one and three, a total of ninety eight prostitutes in all.

The judge sent a party to look for her at Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira expense of the city, asking the court clerk to write as many letters of warning as necessary to the neighboring towns. She notes that many were artisans, but among them there were clerics, Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira, sailors, innkeepers, farmers, musicians, students, justice officials, and judges.

Karras, op. Fonquerne y A. I, eds. The anonymous Carajicomedia ed.

I- III. She secured this monopoly for her family when in the city gave her son-in-law the perpetual leasehold over the public brothel of Cuenca for him and his descendants. Grupos no privilegiados.

I, ed. Homenaje al profesor Luis Rubio, II ,

Prostitutes Alcala de Guadaira,

Thus, we have many documents that attest to the lively and not always discreet existence of clandestine prostitution. Categories : Living people People from Kolkata Indian women's rights activists. However, complaints against abuses were frequent, as documented in Ciudad Real, Madrid and Jerez de la Frontera.

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